Adenocarcinoma de apéndice con extensión extraapendicular: Análisis clínico-quirúrgico e histológico de 27 casos / Adenocarcinoma of the appendix with extra-appendicular spread: Clinico-surgical and histologic analysis of 27 cases

Fundamento y objetivos: La neoplasia apendicular con extensión extraapendicular puede mostrarse con diferentes patrones clínicos, entre ellos el pseudomixoma peritoneal (PMP). Analizamos los resultados de una serie clínica tratada en nuestro centro. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con carcinomatosis peritoneal apendicular (desde enero de 2012 hasta mayo de 2015). Resultados: Veintisiete pacientes consecutivos. Edad mediana 63 años (26-73), 14 varones. Índice de carcinomatosis peritoneal=16±8 (3-31). El origen tumoral supuesto preoperatoriamente fue el apéndice en 23, el ovario en 3 y urotelial en uno. Mortalidad postoperatoria 2 pacientes (7,4%). El 36% de los restantes presentó morbilidad. Morbilidad mayor (Clavien-Dindo grados 3 y 4) en 3 pacientes (12%). Conclusiones: Los adenocarcinomas mucinosos extraapendiculares pueden manifestarse como PMP con ascitis mucinosa, carcinomatosis nodular gelatinosa sin ascitis, carcinomatosis nodular o placas desmoplásicas sin masas/nódulos gelatinosos. La histología no se correlaciona con la forma de presentación. La sospecha preoperatoria de cáncer de ovario mucinoso en el contexto de carcinomatosis peritoneal obliga a descartar que se trate de metástasis ováricas apendiculares (AU)

Background and objectives: Appendiceal neoplasms with extra-appendiceal spread may show different clinical patterns with pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) being one of them. We analyse the results in a series of patients treated in our center. Material and methods: Retrospective study of patients operated on for appendiceal peritoneal carcinomatosis from January 2012 to May 2015. Results: Twenty-seven consecutive patients were included. Median age 63 years (26-73); 14 were men. Peritoneal carcinomatosis index=16±8 (3-31). The suspected preoperative origins were appendix in 23, ovary in 3 and urothelial in one. Postoperative mortality in 2 patients (7.4%). The remaining 36% presented morbidity. Major morbidity (Clavien-Dindo grades 3 and 4) occurred in 3 patients (12%). Conclusions: Mucinous adenocarcinomas with extra-appendiceal spread may present as PMP with mucinous ascites, jelly-nodular carcinomatosis without ascites, nodular or desmoplasic plates carcinomatosis without jelly mass/nodules. Histology is not correlated to clinical picture. Preoperative diagnosis of mucinous ovarian cancer in peritoneal carcinomatosis scenario may increase the doubt of their ovarian origin and force an appendiceal origin to be ruled out (AU)

Adenocarcinoma of the appendix with extra-appendicular spread: Clinico-surgical and histologic analysis of 27 cases. / Adenocarcinoma de apéndice con extensión extraapendicular: Análisis clínico-quirúrgico e histológico de 27 casos.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Appendiceal neoplasms with extra-appendiceal spread may show different clinical patterns with pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) being one of them. We analyse the results in a series of patients treated in our centre. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of patients operated on for appendiceal peritoneal carcinomatosis from January 2012 to May 2015. RESULTS: Twenty-seven consecutive patients were included. Median age 63 years (26-73); 14 were men. Peritoneal carcinomatosis index=16±8 (3-31). The suspected preoperative origins were appendix in 23, ovary in 3 and urothelial in one. Postoperative mortality in 2 patients (7.4%). The remaining 36% presented morbidity. Major morbidity (Clavien-Dindo grades 3 and 4) occurred in 3 patients (12%). CONCLUSIONS: Mucinous adenocarcinomas with extra-appendiceal spread may present as PMP with mucinous ascites, jelly-nodular carcinomatosis without ascites, nodular or desmoplasic plates carcinomatosis without jelly mass/nodules. Histology is not correlated to clinical picture. Preoperative diagnosis of mucinous ovarian cancer in peritoneal carcinomatosis scenario may increase the doubt of their ovarian origin and force an appendiceal origin to be ruled out.

Implicaciones pronósticas del estudio estandarizado de los márgenes de resección en el cáncer de páncreas / Prognostic implications of the standardized study of resection margins in pancreatic cancers

INTRODUCCIÓN: La afectación microscópica de los márgenes de resección es un factor pronóstico fundamental en la cirugía del cáncer de páncreas. Sin embargo, su definición anatomopatológica no está estandarizada. Este estudio pretende identificar el porcentaje real de pacientes con resecciones R1 al analizar las piezas quirúrgicas con un protocolo estandarizado y evaluar sus implicaciones sobre la supervivencia. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Serie de 100 pacientes consecutivos intervenidos por adenocarcinoma ductal de páncreas y resecciones macroscópicamente completas, divididos en 2 grupos: pre- y posprotocolo, según se intervinieran antes o después de la aplicación de un protocolo estandarizado de las piezas de resección. RESULTADOS: En el grupo preprotocolo la tasa de resecciones R0 fue del 78%, mientras que tras la aplicación del mismo, se redujo al 47% (p = 0,003). El margen posterior retroperitoneal es el que se encuentra afectado con mayor frecuencia. En los casos con tumores localizados en cabeza de páncreas y analizados con el protocolo estandarizado, la detección del margen retroperitoneal afecto (R1) influye de forma negativa en la supervivencia. La mediana de supervivencia del grupo R0 fue de 22 meses frente a 16 meses en los que presentaban margen afecto (HR: 2,044; IC 95% 1,00-4,16; p = 0,043). CONCLUSIONES: La aplicación de un protocolo estandarizado para el estudio del margen retroperitoneal en el cáncer de páncreas incrementa la proporción de pacientes R1. En los pacientes con cáncer de cabeza de páncreas, la afectación del margen posterior retroperitoneal reduce significativamente la supervivencia

INTRODUCTION: Involvement of surgical resection margins is a fundamental prognostic factor in pancreatic oncological surgery. However, there is a lack of standardized histopathology definition. The aims of this study are to investigate the real rate of R1 resections when surgical specimens are evaluated according to a standardized protocol and to study its survival implications. Patients y methods: One hundred consecutive surgically resected patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were included in the study. They were further divided in 2 groups: pre-protocol, evaluated before the introduction of the standardized protocol and post-protocol, analyzed with the standardized protocol. RESULTS: R0 resection rate in the pre-protocol group was 78%, falling to 47% after the introduction of the standardized protocol (p = 0,003). The posterior retroperitoneal margin was the most frequently involved margin. In cases with tumors located at the pancreatic head and analyzed according to the standardized protocol R1 involvement negatively affected survival. Median survival in the R0 group was 22 months versus 16 in those with the margin involved (HR: 2.044; IC 95% 1,00-4,16; P=.043). CONCLUSIONS: Standardized evaluation of the retroperitoneal margins in pancreatic cancer increases the rate of R1 patients. In cases with pancreatic cancer located at the pancreatic head involvement of posterior retroperitoneal margin significantly decreases survival

Prognostic implications of the standardized study of resection margins in pancreatic cancers.

INTRODUCTION: Involvement of surgical resection margins is a fundamental prognostic factor in pancreatic oncological surgery. However, there is a lack of standardized histopathology definition. The aims of this study are to investigate the real rate of R1 resections when surgical specimens are evaluated according to a standardized protocol and to study its survival implications. PATIENTS Y METHODS: One hundred consecutive surgically resected patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were included in the study. They were further divided in 2 groups: pre-protocol, evaluated before the introduction of the standardized protocol and post-protocol, analyzed with the standardized protocol. RESULTS: R0 resection rate in the pre-protocol group was 78%, falling to 47% after the introduction of the standardized protocol (p=0,003). The posterior retroperitoneal margin was the most frequently involved margin. In cases with tumors located at the pancreatic head and analyzed according to the standardized protocol R1 involvement negatively affected survival. Median survival in the R0 group was 22 months versus 16 in those with the margin involved (HR: 2.044; IC 95% 1,00-4,16; P=.043). CONCLUSIONS: Standardized evaluation of the retroperitoneal margins in pancreatic cancer increases the rate of R1 patients. In cases with pancreatic cancer located at the pancreatic head involvement of posterior retroperitoneal margin significantly decreases survival.

Mild acute biliary pancreatitis vs cholelithiasis: are there differences in the rate of choledocholithiasis?

The rate of choledocholithiasis at the time of elective surgery after mild acute biliary pancreatitis is still unclear because it decreases rapidly after the onset. The aims of this study are as follows: (1) To investigate whether the incidence of choledocholithiasis in mild biliary pancreatitis is higher than in patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis. (2) To evaluate the usefulness of intraoperative cholangiography in the diagnosis of unsuspected choledocholithiasis in mild pancreatitis. Prospective study including 130 patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery and classified into two groups: mild biliary pancreatitis (n = 44) and symptomatic cholelithiasis (n = 86). Choledocholithiasis was evaluated by endoscopic cholangiopancreatography, magnetic resonance, and intraoperative cholangiography. Preoperatively, choledocholithiasis was identified in five patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis and two with biliary pancreatitis (5.81 vs 4.54%; p = 0.472). In 117 cases (90%), intraoperative cholangiography was successfully performed, identifying unsuspected choledocholithiasis in five patients of the colelithiasis group and in three in the group of pancreatitis (5.81 vs 6.81%; p = 0.492). The total number of patients with choledocholithiasis in the whole series was 15 (11.5%); 11.6% in colelithiasis group vs 11.4% in biliary pancreatitis group; p = 0.605. The rate of choledocholithiasis was not significantly different between the groups of patients with mild acute biliary pancreatitis and symptomatic cholelithiasis. Intraoperative cholangiography identified unsuspected choledocholithiasis in 6.81% of patients with mild acute biliary pancreatitis.

Seudoquiste de páncreas y rotura de seudoaneurisma de la arteria esplénica / Pancreatic pseudocyst and rupture of a splenic artery pseudoaneurysm

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Disfunción temprana del metabolismo hidrocarbonado en la pancreatitis crónica. Relación con la función exocrina pancreática / Early carbohydrate metabolism dysfunction in chronic pancreatitis. Relation with the exocrine pancreatic function

FUNDAMENTO: La relación entre la función endocrina y exocrina en la pancreatitis crónica es controvertida. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el estado funcional del páncreas endocrino en relación con el grado de insuficiencia exocrina, comparar el valor de la prueba de sobrecarga oral a la glucosa (SOG) frente a la glucemia basal y estudiar los diferentes grados de alteración funcional exocrina y endocrina en función del tiempo de evolución. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Se ha estudiado a 73 pacientes con pancreatitis crónica. Las funciones exocrina y endocrina se han investigado mediante la prueba de secretina-CCK (PSC), grasas en heces y SOG. RESULTADOS: De los 8 pacientes con PSC normal, la mitad presentaba alteraciones del metabolismo hidrocarbonado y 2 eran diabéticos. De los 50 con insuficiencia exocrina moderada, la excreción de grasas en heces fue patológica en el 20 por ciento, mientras que un 54 por ciento presentaba alteraciones endocrinas, con diabetes en el 40 por ciento. Todos los pacientes con insuficiencia exocrina grave eran diabéticos. La SOG demostró alteraciones en un 42 por ciento de los pacientes con glucemia basal normal. La mediana de evolución de la pancreatitis crónica en los pacientes con alteraciones del metabolismo hidrocarbonado fue menor que en los pacientes con esteatorrea. CONCLUSIONES: Según el grado de reserva funcional exocrina, en la pancreatitis crónica hay una mayor proporción de pacientes con alteraciones del metabolismo hidrocarbonado que de esteatorrea. La SOG detecta alteraciones en un alto porcentaje de pacientes con glucemia basal normal. La disfunción del metabolismo de los hidratos de carbono aparece más tempranamente que la excreción patológica de grasas fecales (AU)